The regulatory basis

Regulation (EU) 2026/1738

Vehicle circularity and end-of-life vehicles. This is the legal basis for VINPassport, and the regulation that establishes the Digital Circularity Vehicle Passport.

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This page is a reader's summary of what the regulation requires and how VINPassport answers it. It is not the legal text and it is not legal advice. Every claim below links to EUR-Lex, the official EU law portal, which is free to read in all official languages. Where a date comes from secondary legal analysis rather than the operative articles, this page says so.

01 · The dates that bind
24 JUL 2026 Published in the Official Journal
13 AUG 2026 Entered into force
18 FEB 2027 Battery passport becomes mandatory under Reg (EU) 2023/1542, five years ahead of the vehicle passport
1 SEP 2028 The regulation generally applies
1 SEP 2029 Manufacturer circularity strategy required
1 SEP 2032 The Digital Circularity Vehicle Passport is mandatory. Every vehicle placed on the EU market must carry one

The Official Journal publication date, the article numbers and the repeals were read from the EUR-Lex text directly. Entry into force, general application and the 2032 deadline come from secondary legal analysis, consistent across independent sources. Confirm them against the final provisions before relying on them in a submission or a compliance claim.

02 · The articles this project builds on
Article 46

Digital Circularity Vehicle Passport

The passport itself. This is the article VINPassport implements, and the source of the identity and environmental declaration fields: vehicle category, type approval, fuel type, emissions class, CO2 footprint, critical raw materials, dismantling time.

Drives slots 7, 12, 16, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30

Article 29

Recycled plastic content

Progressively rising recycled-content targets, including a share that must be sourced from end-of-life vehicles. A target that rises over time is a claim about a number, which is exactly what a bounded proof answers well.

Drives slots 8, 9, 10, 11

Repeals

Two directives it replaces

Directive 2000/53/EC on end-of-life vehicles, and Directive 2005/64/EC on 3R type approval. The three reuse, recycle and recover percentages in the panel are inherited from the second.

Drives slots 13, 14, 15

03 · The clause that shapes the architecture

The passport must be “aligned, interoperable and, where possible, integrated with other vehicle related environmental passports established under Union law”.

Interoperability requirement, Regulation (EU) 2026/1738

The operative verb is interoperate, not absorb. VINPassport reads that as a reference rather than a copy. Slot 29 holds a battery passport identifier and stops there, so the battery's own claims stay in the battery passport where they are authoritative.

Restating them would create two records that can disagree, and a verifier who finds two answers has no way to choose between them. Battery state of health was considered for the panel and deliberately returned to the reserve for that reason.

04 · The regulation it must interoperate with
Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 · Article 77

Batteries and waste batteries

Establishes the battery passport, mandatory from 18 February 2027. Its scope is the battery and not the vehicle: EV batteries at any capacity, light means of transport batteries at any capacity, and industrial batteries above 2 kWh. A manufacturer is caught because it places a battery on the market inside a vehicle, but this regulation gives the vehicle no passport of its own.

Read the full text on EUR-Lex

Why it matters here

It is the interoperability target named by 2026/1738, and it is already implemented on the same stack, which makes a composition demonstration a realistic phase 3 goal rather than an aspiration.

Slot 29 is where the two records meet: a verifier follows the identifier into the battery passport and checks there, instead of trusting a copy held on our side.

05 · The framework that does not apply
Regulation (EU) 2024/1781

Ecodesign for Sustainable Products explicitly excludes vehicles. Do not cite it as the basis for a vehicle passport.

ESPR is the EU's general Digital Product Passport framework, and it is the one most people reach for when they hear the phrase. Article 1(2) carves out vehicles within the scope of Reg 167/2013, Reg 168/2013 and Reg 2018/858, on the basis that vehicles are covered by sector specific law. Citing it here is a factual error, and an easy one for a regulator, an investor or a judge to catch. Regulation 2026/1738 is the correct and only citation for a vehicle level passport obligation.

Read ESPR on EUR-Lex

06 · What the passport records

Thirty-two slots at tree depth five. Twenty-six fields in use and six held in reserve, split by type so either kind of field can be added later without reordering the panel. Numeric fields must precede all string fields, and the ordering is frozen shared vocabulary: changing it would change every root. Numerics are scaled by one thousand into unsigned integers; strings commit to a digest of the exact string. The public label for any field is a digest of its name, never its value.

Numeric, slots 0 to 16

00odometerKm
Fraud · the headline claim, monotonic across versions
01accidentCount
Fraud · clean history without disclosing incidents
02ownerCount
Fraud · title washing signal
03serviceCount
Fraud · maintenance evidence without the service book
04writeOffCategory
Fraud · zero means never written off
05firstRegistrationDate
Identity · epoch days
06lastInspectionDate
Identity · epoch days
07co2FootprintKgCO2e
Article 46 · environmental declaration
08recycledPlasticPct
Article 29 · recycled content target
09recycledPlasticFromELVPct
Article 29 · share from end-of-life vehicles
10recycledSteelPct
Article 29 · recycled content target
11recycledAluminiumPct
Article 29 · recycled content target
12criticalRawMaterialPct
Article 46 · critical raw material declaration
13reusabilityPct
3R · inherited from Directive 2005/64/EC
14recyclabilityPct
3R · inherited from Directive 2005/64/EC
15recoverabilityPct
3R · inherited from Directive 2005/64/EC
16dismantlingTimeMinutes
Article 46 · design for dismantling evidence
17–21Reserved numeric
Deliberately empty. Absent leaves are still salted and still anchored, so occupying one later costs a re-anchor but no reordering

String, slots 22 to 30

22vinHash
Fraud · identity, disclosed only at authority tier
23vehicleCategory
Article 46 · M1, N1 and the rest
24euTypeApprovalNumber
Article 46 · binds the record to type approval
25manufacturerBPN
Supply chain · business partner number
26fuelType
Article 46 · powertrain classification
27batteryChemistry
Interoperability · descriptive, so it carries no divergence risk
28emissionsClass
Article 46 · Euro standard
29batteryPassportId
Interoperability · the explicit link to a battery passport. Populated only when the vehicle is electric
30passportOrigin
Article 46 · new at first placing on the market, or retrofit for a vehicle produced before the regulation applies
31Reserved string
Held back so a string field can be added without reordering
Why six slots are held empty

An earlier sixteen-slot panel was full on day one, and twelve credible fields had to be cut, several of them plausibly mandatory once the regulation applies in 2028. Filling thirty-two of thirty-two would repeat that mistake at a larger scale. Six reserved slots is roughly nineteen per cent headroom, split by type. Panel width is effectively permanent, because proofs relate documents of the same width only, so the choice was made now while nothing is anchored and it is still free.

07 · Read the sources yourself
Reg (EU) 2026/1738 Vehicle circularity and end-of-life vehicles EUR-Lex Reg (EU) 2023/1542 Batteries and waste batteries, the battery passport at Article 77 EUR-Lex Reg (EU) 2024/1781 Ecodesign for Sustainable Products, which excludes vehicles EUR-Lex Reg (EU) 2018/858 Type approval, one of the three scopes ESPR carves out EUR-Lex Dir 2000/53/EC End-of-life vehicles, repealed by 2026/1738 EUR-Lex Dir 2005/64/EC 3R type approval, repealed by 2026/1738, source of the three percentages EUR-Lex

Nothing on this page is legal advice. Where a claim rests on secondary analysis rather than the operative articles, it is marked as such above. If you are relying on a date for a submission or a partner conversation, read the final provisions on EUR-Lex first.

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